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Why the architects of human obsolescence are spending fortunes to put bodies in space Second in a series. The first essay, The Last Necessity, argued that mass political power has always rested on mass indispensability — that ordinary people held leverage because production and violence genuinely required them, forcing elites to concede rights and wages they would not otherwise have given — and that AI threatens to dissolve that indispensability on every axis at once, leaving

How we came to ask whether any human function is irreplaceable — and what hangs on the answer I. How we came to have to ask the question For most of human history the question would have been unintelligible. Of course humans were necessary; they were the only engine the world had. Every wall, every harvest, every army, every ledger, every act of governance ran on human muscle and human judgment, because there was no other source of either. The question we now have to ask — is

Thoughts on a potential AI use case...